Software Engineering Online Test 2, Software Engineering MCQ

The objectives of verification is to check whether software is constructed according to requirement and design specification.

Verification:
“Are we building the product right”.
The software should conform to its specification.

Validation:
“Are we building the right product”.
The software should do what the user really requires.

Stephen Schach describes software engineering as a discipline and the aim of Software engineering is the software delivered on time, within budget and satisfies its requirements.

APM is Adaptable Process Model. The framework activities of APM are:
Project definition
Planning
Engineering and construction
Release
Customer use

Waterfall model is the first SDLC model, it is widely used in software engineering to ensure success of the project.

Preventive maintenance
is effective in preventing age related failures of the equipment. The goal of preventive maintenance is to avoid failure, unnecessary production loss and safety violation.

The four P’s in software engineering are used for effective management. These are:
People, product, process, project

CABTAB is: Code A Bit, Test A Bit.

In one iteration all activities are done, for large project’s the output is small in spiral model. The weakness of spiral model is that it is only applicable for large-scale softwares.

Validation is conducted before product delivery. Validation is done after the verification.

eXtreme Programming(XP) is a discipline of software development based on values of simplicity, communication, feedback, and courage.

The basic phases of Adaptive Life Cycle Phases:
Speculate
Collaborate
Learn
Leadership

Scrum allows us to build softer software hence, there is no need to write full requirements up front.

No, data object is not the same thing as an object oriented class.

Cardinality is the specification of the number of occurrences of one [object] that can be related to the number of occurrences of another [object].

In object-oriented:
object” refers to a particular instance of a class where the object can be a combination of variables, functions, and data structures.

Smoke testing is an integration testing approach that is commonly used when “shrink wrapped” software products are being developed, allowing the software team to assess its project on a frequent basis.

The requirement engineering process is accomplished through the execution of seven distinct functions, these are as:
-Inception
-Elicitation
-Elaboration
-negotiation
-Specification
-Validation
-Management

Exciting requirements is identified through a number of techniques. These include:observation, brainstorming, affinity analysis, relations diagramming and causal loop diagramming.

Data flow model is a flow oriented modeling. Flow models focus on the flow of data objects as they are transformed by processing functions.

Class-based modelling is the process of developing an object-oriented analysis (OOA) model. The generic process described begins with guidelines for identifying potential analysis classes, suggestions for defining attributes and operations for those classes, and a discussion of the Class-Responsibility-Collaborator (CRC) model.

Basis path testing is a structured testing or white box testing technique used for designing test cases intended to examine all possible paths of execution at least once.

White-box testing also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing. It is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality.

Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to measure the complexity of a program. These metric, measures independent paths through program source code.
Mathematically, it is set of independent paths through the graph diagram. The complexity of the program is defined as –
V(G) = E – N + 2
Where,
E – Number of edges
N – Number of Nodes
V (G) = P + 1
Where P = Number of predicate nodes.

Loop testing a white box testing technique. It is performed to validate the loops.

There are four kinds of loops:

-Simple Loops
-Nested Loops
-Concatenated Loops
-Unstructured Loops

Equivalence partitioning is a black box testing method that divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived.

The orthogonal array testing method is particularly useful in finding errors with region faults. An error category associated with faulty logic within a software component.

The client/server applications conducts various types of tests. Following testing approaches for client/server applications:
Application function tests
Server tests
Database tests
Transaction tests
Network communication tests

Client/server architectures represent a significant challenge for software testers. The client/server software architecture are more difficult than the standalone applications.